WEB Avian influenza A bird flu viruses may be transmitted from infected birds to other animals and potentially to humans in two main ways Directly from infected birds or from avian influenza A virus. It can be transmitted freely within and among cervid populations. Take Action to Prevent the Spread of Flu Between Birds and People Influenza antiviral drugs can be used to treat influenza infections. WEB Elinor L Baron MD DTMH Since the early 20 th century there have been four. WEB Migratory birds especially waterfowl are a natural reservoir of the avian influenza virus They carry and exchange different virus strains along their migration routes leading to..
WEB Avian influenza A bird flu viruses may be transmitted from infected birds to other animals and potentially to humans in two main ways Directly from infected birds or from avian influenza A virus. It can be transmitted freely within and among cervid populations. Take Action to Prevent the Spread of Flu Between Birds and People Influenza antiviral drugs can be used to treat influenza infections. WEB Elinor L Baron MD DTMH Since the early 20 th century there have been four. WEB Migratory birds especially waterfowl are a natural reservoir of the avian influenza virus They carry and exchange different virus strains along their migration routes leading to..
Researchgate
**Influenza A Viruses: Shedding Light on Pathogenicity and Host Adaptation** New research has shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the increased pathogenicity of H5N1 avian influenza viruses. Scientists have identified key determinants that contribute to the severity of infections caused by these viruses. The study involved analyzing the influenza A virus (IAV) matrix (M) gene along with H5 and H7 subtype genes. Researchers discovered specific molecular signatures that are associated with enhanced pathogenicity. These signatures include mutations that alter the function of viral proteins involved in viral replication and host immune evasion. Influenza A viruses possess a segmented negative-sense RNA genome, which enables them to undergo genetic reassortment and adapt to new hosts. The study revealed that the avian influenza polymerase undergoes specific adaptations to efficiently replicate in mammalian hosts. These adaptations contribute to the increased virulence and potential for cross-species transmission. The findings of this research provide valuable insights into the factors that drive the emergence, transmission, and pathogenicity of H5N1 avian influenza viruses. This knowledge can inform the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapies, as well as surveillance and control strategies to mitigate the threat posed by these viruses.
** Avian Influenza: Classification, Prevention, and Treatment ** Avian influenza viruses are classified into two categories based on their pathogenicity: * **Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (LPAI) A viruses:** Cause mild symptoms or no illness in birds. * **Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) A viruses:** Highly contagious and can cause severe illness and death in birds. HPAI viruses are further divided into subtypes based on two surface proteins: * **Hemagglutinin (HA):** 16 subtypes (H1-H16) * **Neuraminidase (NA):** 9 subtypes (N1-N9) To prevent the spread of influenza between birds and people, it's essential to: * Practice good hygiene, including frequent handwashing and covering coughs and sneezes. * Avoid contact with sick birds or their secretions. * Cook poultry thoroughly to an internal temperature of 165°F. * Properly dispose of poultry carcasses. Influenza antiviral drugs, such as Tamiflu or Relenza, can be used to treat influenza infections. The most well-known HPAI strain is H5N1, which was first detected in 1997. There are four types of influenza viruses: * Influenza A viruses: Cause seasonal epidemics (flu season) in humans and animals. * Influenza B viruses: Also cause seasonal epidemics in humans. * Influenza C viruses: Cause mild respiratory infections in humans. * Influenza D viruses: Found in cattle and cause respiratory infections.
Sites Duke Express
**Urgent Update: Interim Recommendations for Prevention of Avian Influenza A (H5N1)** As avian influenza (bird flu) continues to spread among wildlife and poultry worldwide, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued interim recommendations for healthcare providers to help prevent human infections. **HPAI A(H5N1) Virus in Animals: A Growing Concern** The highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus has caused outbreaks in wild birds and poultry in recent years, with sporadic human infections reported. The virus is highly contagious in birds and can be fatal. **Interim Recommendations for Healthcare Providers** Clinicians are advised to consider HPAI A(H5N1) virus infection in patients exhibiting: * Acute respiratory illness * Conjunctivitis (pink eye) Additionally, patients who have had contact with infected birds or poultry should be assessed for possible exposure. **Prevention and Monitoring** To prevent human infection, healthcare providers are urged to: * Take precautions to prevent exposure to infected animals or contaminated environments. * Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). * Report suspected cases of HPAI A(H5N1) infection to local health authorities. * Stay informed about the latest updates on the outbreak. **Public Health Implications** While the risk of infection for the general public remains low, the CDC emphasizes the importance of public health surveillance and preparedness. Individuals who come into contact with infected animals or poultry are advised to: * Seek immediate medical attention if they experience respiratory symptoms or conjunctivitis. * Follow instructions from local health authorities. The CDC will continue to monitor the situation and provide updates as necessary. Healthcare providers are encouraged to stay informed and follow the recommended guidelines to protect both human and animal health.
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